Sabarman, Joshua Suhadi and Legowo, Evita Herawati and Widiputri, Diah (2019) Bioavtur Synthesis from PFAD Through Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking Processes. Bachelor thesis, Swiss German University.

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Abstract

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) is the byproduct of palm oil processing, which is produced massively and underutilized in Indonesia. PFAD contains high amount of FFA, which could be a suitable raw material for bioavtur. Concerns regarding depleting fossil fuels and CO2 emission create a significant need in alternative bioavtur. The synthesis process includes hydrotreating, hydrocracking, and hydroisomerization processes. In this research, the hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes are investigated using varied temperature, solvent ratio, catalyst loading, pressure, presulfiding condition, and time variation. Presulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 was used for onestep hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes. Reaction temperature at 400oC provided better FFA conversion. FFA was almost completely converted when the catalyst loading was 3%. Presulfidation condition and time variation affected the product significantly where solvent and pressure variation were not as significant. The best FFA conversion was 99.43%. The best selectivity to bioavtur range hydrocarbons was 68.99%. The density range of bioavtur was met by two samples and the gross calorific value of the product was 44.285 MJ/kg. The hydroprocess done in this research showed that bioavtur-range hydrocarbons could be produced from PFAD as a raw material.

Item Type:	Thesis (Bachelor)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Palm Fatty Acid Distillate ; Hydrotreating ; Hydrocracking ; Bioavtur
Subjects:	T Technology > TJ Mechanical engineering and machinery > TJ807 Renewable energy sources
Divisions:	Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology > Department of Sustainable and Energy Environment
Depositing User:	Adityatama Ratangga
Date Deposited:	18 May 2020 09:40
Last Modified:	18 May 2020 09:40
URI:	http://repository.sgu.ac.id/id/eprint/428

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