Jayaratana, Adianto and Widiputri, Diah Indriani and Legowo, Evita H. (2017) Improving The Extraction Methodology Of Squalene From Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). Bachelor thesis, Swiss German University.

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Abstract

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) resulted from refinery process of crude palm oil (CPO) contain some beneficial bioactive compound such as squalene which is one of the best natural emollients for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. It is interesting that squalene come from the waste, and since squalene is important there have been efforts to extract squalene from PFAD in single stage and multiple stage extraction. However, many impurities such as free fatty acids still present in PFAD. Therefore, in this research the pre-treatment process is applied by using separation technique to reduce some of the free fatty acid. Centrifugation process was applied after saponification process, after that another step of saponification process was also applied prior to liquid-liquid extraction. Based on the experiment, there are three different results from three different pre-treatment method in single stage extraction which shows the squalene content rose from first treatment 5.37% to 9.32% in second treatment. The last result of third treatment also increase the squalene content from 9.32% to 23.94%. Furthermore, multiple stage extraction is able to increase the squalene content from 23.94% to 37.45%. The highest squalene content is obtained by using the best pretreatment process in multiple stage extraction.

Item Type:	Thesis (Bachelor)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD); Squalene; Liquid-liquid Extraction; Multiple Stage Extraction; Centrifugation Process
Subjects:	Q Science > QD Chemistry > QD305 Fatty acids in human nutrition
Divisions:	Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology > Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
Depositing User:	Astuti Kusumaningrum
Date Deposited:	17 May 2020 15:56
Last Modified:	17 May 2020 15:56
URI:	http://repository.sgu.ac.id/id/eprint/451

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